Before delving into circuit breakers and how they work, it is important to understand that electricity is the flow of an electrical charge across atoms. Our electricity is considered a secondary source of energy because it is made from a primary one like gas or coal. Electrical circuits, then, are sources of power that have both positive and negative ends; the power source will push electrons through a conductor, which permits electrical current, and that current flows from its main source to the object you’re giving power to in a cycle.
Circuit breakers are crucial components of modern circuits because they protect homes and buildings from fire hazards when excess current flows into a building’s electrical system. Power like electricity is distributed from an external power supply like a power plant to homes and other buildings. This electric current moves through a massive diagram that is built from smaller circuits from one end that reaches the power plant’s massive energy resource to the other end that leads into the earth to create an electrically neutral area. This creates voltage in the circuit, and when the circuit diagram is closed, the power will flow. Since it changes direction at this point, it is now called an alternating current.
Simply put, circuit breakers interrupt the flow of electrical current if that flow becomes too excessive. All circuit breaker types have parts in common, including the frame, which protects everything inside the breaker from hazards, and the terminal, which consists of a metal block that has a bolt on its outside. This block is connected to wires which move the electrical current away from the power supply. Circuit breakers also possess a lever, which controls whether the breaker is on or off, and contacts, which are two sets of metal components which move in order to interrupt the circuit. The lever is attached to the actuator mechanism, which is a metal arm located on the inside of the circuit breaker that either makes the contacts touch or moves them apart. Finally, the trip unit controls when the breaker trips if something goes wrong.
An example of a simple circuit protection device is a fuse, which is an encased wire that can be plugged into a system. All charges will move through the fuse in a closed system, and it is intended to disintegrate when it becomes too warm, which opens up the system and prevents the rest of the system from being damaged. A disadvantage of fuses is that they need to be replaced each time they disintegrate. Complex circuit breakers also open the circuit when there are unsafe currents, but they can be reused. They function using a switch that is connected to an electromagnet or bimetallic strip. In the system, there are two parts of the switch, which are connected by a hot line. If the switch is on, electricity flows from the lower terminal up into the next terminal. As this happens, the electromagnet of the system senses if the current is too high and pulls down the part that connects the switches’ links, which cuts the electricity if necessary.
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